Apa itu kalender islam Ummul Qura?
Kalender Ummul Qura adalah sistem penanggalan Islam yang digunakan di negara Arab Saudi. Kalender hijriah ini juga banyak digunakan sebagai dasar penanggalan di negara-negara Islam lainnya.
Ka'bah di al-Masjid al-Haram di kota Mekah menentukan garis lintang dan garis bujur yang dihitung oleh kalender Umm al-Qura.
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| Sumber gambar: webspace.science.uu.nl |
Dulu, sempat terjadi kontroversi mengenai kalender ini. Banyak yang memprotes ketidaksesuaian awal bulan dan perhitungan posisi bulan sabit (atau bulan baru) saat matahari terbenam di Makkah. Tidak jarang bulan baru dimulai meskipun secara astronomis bulan sudah terbenam sebelum matahari terbenam. Sumber kontroversi lainnya adalah ketidakjelasan aturan yang digunakan untuk merancang atau menentukan tanggal dalam kalender.
Masalah-masalah yang dicatat seperti itu menjadi perhatian komunitas Muslim global terutama selama penentuan tanggal-tanggal penting agama seperti untuk Idul Fitri, Ramadhan dan Haji.
Namun belakangan, otoritas di balik Kalender Ummul Qura telah mengajukan aturan baru dalam menentukan awal bulan hijriah Islam. Aturan baru ini dianggap masuk akal secara astronomis dalam memastikan bahwa setelah konjungsi bulan berada di atas cakrawala dan terbenam setelah matahari seperti yang terlihat dari kota Mekkah, Arab Saudi.
Tetapi, untuk penentuan awal bulan yang terkait dengan ajaran agama seperti bulan Ramadhan, Syawwal dan Dzulqaida, pemerintah Arab Saudi sering mengubah tanggal sesuai dengan laporan (atau klaim penampakan hilal).
Download Kalender Islam Hijriyah Tahun 2023 Masehi / 1444 - 1445 H PDF
Kalender Islam Tahun 2023 Masehi Lengkap dengan Tanggal Hijriyah 1444-1445 H Berdasarkan Sistem Ummul Qura' Arab Saudi PDF (Unduh)
| Januari 2023 |
|---|
| Jumadil-Akhirah - Rajab 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| 1 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 14 |
| 8 | 15 | 9 | 16 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 13 | 20 | 14 | 21 |
| 15 | 22 | 16 | 23 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 25 | 19 | 26 | 20 | 27 | 21 | 28 |
| 22 | 29 | 23 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 25 | 3 | 26 | 4 | 27 | 5 | 28 | 6 |
| 29 | 7 | 30 | 8 | 31 | 9 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Februari 2023 |
|---|
| Rajab - Sya'ban 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | 1 | 10 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 13 |
| 5 | 14 | 6 | 15 | 7 | 16 | 8 | 17 | 9 | 18 | 10 | 19 | 11 | 20 |
| 12 | 21 | 13 | 22 | 14 | 23 | 15 | 24 | 16 | 25 | 17 | 26 | 18 | 27 |
| 19 | 28 | 20 | 29 | 21 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 4 | 25 | 5 |
| 26 | 6 | 27 | 7 | 28 | 8 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
|
| Maret 2023 |
|---|
| Sya'ban - Ramadhan 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | 1 | 9 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 13 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 15 | 8 | 16 | 9 | 17 | 10 | 18 | 11 | 19 |
| 12 | 20 | 13 | 21 | 14 | 22 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 24 | 17 | 25 | 18 | 26 |
| 19 | 27 | 20 | 28 | 21 | 29 | 22 | 30 | 23 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 25 | 3 |
| 26 | 4 | 27 | 5 | 28 | 6 | 29 | 7 | 30 | 8 | 31 | 9
|
|
| April 2023 |
|---|
| Ramadhan - Syawwal 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 6 | 15 | 7 | 16 | 8 | 17 |
| 9 | 18 | 10 | 19 | 11 | 20 | 12 | 21 | 13 | 22 | 14 | 23 | 15 | 24 |
| 16 | 25 | 17 | 26 | 18 | 27 | 19 | 28 | 20 | 29 | 21 | 1 | 22 | 2 |
| 23 | 3 | 24 | 4 | 25 | 5 | 26 | 6 | 27 | 7 | 28 | 8 | 29 | 9 |
| 30 | 10 | | | | | | | |
|
| Mei 2023 |
|---|
| Syawwal - Dzul-Qa'idah 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | 1 | 11 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 14 | 5 | 15 | 6 | 16 |
| 7 | 17 | 8 | 18 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 20 | 11 | 21 | 12 | 22 | 13 | 23 |
| 14 | 24 | 15 | 25 | 16 | 26 | 17 | 27 | 18 | 28 | 19 | 29 | 20 | 30 |
| 21 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 4 | 25 | 5 | 26 | 6 | 27 | 7 |
| 28 | 8 | 29 | 9 | 30 | 10 | 31 | 11 | |
|
| Juni 2023 |
|---|
| Dzul-Qa'idah - Dzul-Hijjah 1444 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | | | 1 | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 14 |
| 4 | 15 | 5 | 16 | 6 | 17 | 7 | 18 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 20 | 10 | 21 |
| 11 | 22 | 12 | 23 | 13 | 24 | 14 | 25 | 15 | 26 | 16 | 27 | 17 | 28 |
| 18 | 29 | 19 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 21 | 3 | 22 | 4 | 23 | 5 | 24 | 6 |
| 25 | 7 | 26 | 8 | 27 | 9 | 28 | 10 | 29 | 11 | 30 | 12
|
|
| Juli 2023 |
|---|
| Dzul-Hijjah 1444 - Muharram 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 13 |
| 2 | 14 | 3 | 15 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 17 | 6 | 18 | 7 | 19 | 8 | 20 |
| 9 | 21 | 10 | 22 | 11 | 23 | 12 | 24 | 13 | 25 | 14 | 26 | 15 | 27 |
| 16 | 28 | 17 | 29 | 18 | 30 | 19 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 21 | 3 | 22 | 4 |
| 23 | 5 | 24 | 6 | 25 | 7 | 26 | 8 | 27 | 9 | 28 | 10 | 29 | 11 |
| 30 | 12 | 31 | 13 | | | | | | | |
|
| Agustus 2023 |
|---|
| Muharram - Shafar 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | 1 | 14 | 2 | 15 | 3 | 16 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 18 |
| 6 | 19 | 7 | 20 | 8 | 21 | 9 | 22 | 10 | 23 | 11 | 24 | 12 | 25 |
| 13 | 26 | 14 | 27 | 15 | 28 | 16 | 29 | 17 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 19 | 3 |
| 20 | 4 | 21 | 5 | 22 | 6 | 23 | 7 | 24 | 8 | 25 | 9 | 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 11 | 28 | 12 | 29 | 13 | 30 | 14 | 31 | 15
|
| September 2023 |
|---|
| Shafar - Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | | | | | 1 | 16 | 2 | 17 |
| 3 | 18 | 4 | 19 | 5 | 20 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 22 | 8 | 23 | 9 | 24 |
| 10 | 25 | 11 | 26 | 12 | 27 | 13 | 28 | 14 | 29 | 15 | 30 | 16 | 1 |
| 17 | 2 | 18 | 3 | 19 | 4 | 20 | 5 | 21 | 6 | 22 | 7 | 23 | 8 |
| 24 | 9 | 25 | 10 | 26 | 11 | 27 | 12 | 28 | 13 | 29 | 14 | 30 | 15 |
|
| Oktober 2023 |
|---|
| Rabi'ul-Awwal - Rabi'ul-Akhir 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| 1 | 16 | 2 | 17 | 3 | 18 | 4 | 19 | 5 | 20 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 22 |
| 8 | 23 | 9 | 24 | 10 | 25 | 11 | 26 | 12 | 27 | 13 | 28 | 14 | 29 |
| 15 | 30 | 16 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 18 | 3 | 19 | 4 | 20 | 5 | 21 | 6 |
| 22 | 7 | 23 | 8 | 24 | 9 | 25 | 10 | 26 | 11 | 27 | 12 | 28 | 13 |
| 29 | 14 | 30 | 15 | 31 | 16 | | |
| November 2023 |
|---|
| Rabi'ul-Akhir - Jumadil-Awwal 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | 1 | 17 | 2 | 18 | 3 | 19 | 4 | 20 |
| 5 | 21 | 6 | 22 | 7 | 23 | 8 | 24 | 9 | 25 | 10 | 26 | 11 | 27 |
| 12 | 28 | 13 | 29 | 14 | 30 | 15 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 17 | 3 | 18 | 4 |
| 19 | 5 | 20 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 22 | 8 | 23 | 9 | 24 | 10 | 25 | 11 |
| 26 | 12 | 27 | 13 | 28 | 14 | 29 | 15 | 30 | 16 |
|
| Desember 2023 |
|---|
| Jumadil-Awwal - Jumadil-Akhirah 1445 |
| Ahd | Sen | Sel | Rab | Kam | Jum | Sab |
| | | | | | | | | | 1 | 17 | 2 | 18 |
| 3 | 19 | 4 | 20 | 5 | 21 | 6 | 22 | 7 | 23 | 8 | 24 | 9 | 25 |
| 10 | 26 | 11 | 27 | 12 | 28 | 13 | 29 | 14 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 16 | 3 |
| 17 | 4 | 18 | 5 | 19 | 6 | 20 | 7 | 21 | 8 | 22 | 9 | 23 | 10 |
| 24 | 11 | 25 | 12 | 26 | 13 | 27 | 14 | 28 | 15 | 29 | 16 | 30 | 17 |
| 31 | 18 | | | | |
Tanggal-tanggal penting Kalender Islam di tahun 2023 M
| Peristiwa |
Tanggal Hijriyah |
Hari |
Tanggal Masehi |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Jumadil-Akhirah 1444 H |
Jum'at |
06 Jan 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Jumadil-Akhirah 1444 H |
Sabtu |
07 Jan 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Jumadil-Akhirah 1444 H |
Ahad |
08 Jan 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Rajab |
1 Rajab 1444 H |
Senin |
23 Jan 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Rajab 1444 H |
Sabtu |
04 Feb 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Rajab 1444 H |
Ahad |
05 Feb 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Rajab 1444 H |
Senin |
06 Feb 2023 |
| Isra' Mi'raj |
27 Rajab 1444 H |
Sabtu |
18 Feb 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Sya'ban |
1 Sya'ban 1444 H |
Selasa |
21 Feb 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Sya'ban 1444 H |
Ahad |
05 Mar 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Sya'ban 1444 H |
Senin |
06 Mar 2023 |
| Nishfu Sya'ban |
15 Sya'ban 1444 H |
Selasa |
07 Mar 2023 |
| Awal Puasa Ramadhan |
1 Ramadhan 1444 H |
Kamis |
23 Mar 2023 |
| Hari Raya Idul Fitri |
1 Syawwal 1444 H |
Jum'at |
21 Apr 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Syawwal 1444 H |
Rabu |
03 May 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Syawwal 1444 H |
Kamis |
04 May 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Syawwal 1444 H |
Jum'at |
05 May 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Dzul-Qa'idah |
1 Dzul-Qa'idah 1444 H |
Ahad |
21 May 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Dzul-Qa'idah 1444 H |
Jum'at |
02 Jun 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Dzul-Qa'idah 1444 H |
Sabtu |
03 Jun 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Dzul-Qa'idah 1444 H |
Ahad |
04 Jun 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Dzul-Hijjah |
1 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Senin |
19 Jun 2023 |
| Wuquf di 'Arafah |
9 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Selasa |
27 Jun 2023 |
| Hari Raya Idul Adha |
10 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Rabu |
28 Jun 2023 |
| Hari-hari Tasyriq |
11, 12, 13 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Kamis |
29 Jun 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Ahad |
02 Jul 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Dzul-Hijjah 1444 H |
Senin |
03 Jul 2023 |
| Tahun Baru Islam |
1 Muharram 1445 H |
Rabu |
19 Jul 2023 |
| Puasa Tasu’a |
9 Muharram 1445 H |
Kamis |
27 Jul 2023 |
| Puasa 'Asyura |
10 Muharram 1445 H |
Jum'at |
28 Jul 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Muharram 1445 H |
Senin |
31 Jul 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Muharram 1445 H |
Selasa |
01 Aug 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Muharram 1445 H |
Rabu |
02 Aug 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Shafar |
1 Shafar 1445 H |
Kamis |
17 Aug 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Shafar 1445 H |
Selasa |
29 Aug 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Shafar 1445 H |
Rabu |
30 Aug 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Shafar 1445 H |
Kamis |
31 Aug 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Rabi'ul-Awwal |
1 Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 H |
Sabtu |
16 Sep 2023 |
| Maulid Nabi saw. |
12 Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 H |
Rabu |
27 Sep 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 H |
Kamis |
28 Sep 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 H |
Jum'at |
29 Sep 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Rabi'ul-Awwal 1445 H |
Sabtu |
30 Sep 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Rabi'ul-Akhir |
1 Rabi'ul-Akhir 1445 H |
Senin |
16 Oct 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Rabi'ul-Akhir 1445 H |
Sabtu |
28 Oct 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Rabi'ul-Akhir 1445 H |
Ahad |
29 Oct 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Rabi'ul-Akhir 1445 H |
Senin |
30 Oct 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Jumadil-Awwal |
1 Jumadil-Awwal 1445 H |
Rabu |
15 Nov 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Jumadil-Awwal 1445 H |
Senin |
27 Nov 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Jumadil-Awwal 1445 H |
Selasa |
28 Nov 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Jumadil-Awwal 1445 H |
Rabu |
29 Nov 2023 |
| Awal Bulan Jumadil-Akhirah |
1 Jumadil-Akhirah 1445 H |
Kamis |
14 Dec 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
13 Jumadil-Akhirah 1445 H |
Selasa |
26 Dec 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
14 Jumadil-Akhirah 1445 H |
Rabu |
27 Dec 2023 |
| Puasa Sunnah Yaumul Bidh |
15 Jumadil-Akhirah 1445 H |
Kamis |
28 Dec 2023 |
Sumber: al-habib.info
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